托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生（Thomas Alva Edison，1847年2月11日—1931年10月18日） ，出生于美国俄亥俄州米兰镇
，逝世于美国新泽西州西奥兰治。发明家、企业家 。 、

爱迪生是人类历史上第一个利用大量生产原则和电气工程研究的实验室来进行从事发明专利而对世界产生深远影响的人
。他发明的留声机
、**摄影机、电灯对世界有极大影响。他一生的发明共有两千多项，拥有专利一千多项 。爱迪生被美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第9名
。

1931年10月18日凌晨3点24分 ，在美国新泽西西奥兰治的家中
，爱迪生在睡梦中安详离世，享年84岁。

扩展资料

主要成就

1 、留声机

1877年 ，爱迪生发现电话传话器里的膜板随着说话声会引起振动的现象
，便拿短针作了试验，从中得到很大的启发 。说话的快慢高低能使短针产生相应的不同颤动
。那么 ，反过来
，这种颤动也一定能发出原先的说话声音，于是他开始研究声音重发的问题。

12月 ，爱迪生公开展示这台“锡箔筒式留声机
”，轰动了全世界 。

2
、电灯

最初电灯的发明者不是爱迪生
，爱迪生是改进了电灯
。早在1801年，英国一位名叫汉弗里·戴维的化学家就在实验室中用铂丝通电发光；1810年 ，他又发明了用两根通电碳棒之间发生的电弧而照明的“电烛”
，这算是是电灯的最早雏形。

当年有关斯旺的电灯泡的报道给了爱迪生以很大启发 。1879年10月，爱迪生终于成功制成了以碳化纤维作为灯丝的白炽灯泡 ，称之为“碳化棉丝白炽灯 ”
，随后大量投产，并成立公司设立发电站和输电网等相应基础设施 ，很快使电灯在美国被普遍使用。

百度百科-托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生

stoy

寓言故事；The King With One Gray Hair 国王的一根白头发

A very very long time ago, there were people wholived much longer than they do today. They lived many thousand years. At that time, the Enlightenment Being was born as a baby named Makhadeva. He lived 84,000 years as a child and crown prince. At the time of our story, he had been a young king for 80,000 years.

One day, Makhadeva told the royal barber, "If you see any gray hair on my head, you must tell me immediately!" Of course, the barber promised to do so.

Another 4,000 years passed, until Makhadeva had been a young king for 84,000 years. Then one day, while he was cutting the king's hair, the royal barber saw just one little gray hair on all the king's head. So he said, "Oh my lord, I see one gray hair on your head." The king said,"If this be so, pull it out and put it in my hand." The barber got his golden tweezers（镊子
，小钳子） , plucked out（拔出） the single little gray hair, and put it in the king's hand.

At that time, the king still had at least another 84,000 years left to live as an old king! Looking at the one gray hair in his hand, he became very afraid of dying. He felt like death was closing in on him, as if he were trapped in a burning house. He was so afraid, that the sweat rolled down his back, and he shuddered（发抖，战栗） .

King Makhadeva thought, "Oh foolish king, you have wasted all this long life and now you are near death. You have made no attempt to destroy your greed and envy, to live without hating, and to get rid of your ignorance by learning the truth and becoming wise."

As he thought this, his body burned and the sweat kept rolling down. Then he decided once and for all（一劳永逸地 ，彻底地） , "Itis time to give up the kingship, be ordained（命令
，注定） as a monk, and practice meditation!" Thinking so, he granted the income of a whole town to the barber. It amounted to one-hundred-thousand per year.

Then the king called his oldest son to him and said,"My son, I have seen a gray hair. I have become old. I have enjoyed the worldly（世俗的） pleasures of great wealth and power. When I die, I want to be reborn in a heaven world, to enjoy the pleasures of the gods. So I will be ordainedas a monk. You must now take the responsibility of rulingthe country. I will live the life of a monk in the forest."

Hearing of this, the royal ministers and the rest of the court rushed to the king and said, "Our lord, why do you suddenly want to be ordained?"

The king held up the gray hair in his hand and said, "My ministers and subjects, I have realized that this gray hair shows that the three stages of life youth, middleage and old age--are coming to an end. This first gray hair was the messenger of death sitting on my head. Gray hairs are like angels sent by the god of death. Therefore, this very day is the time for me to be ordained."

The people wept at the news of his departure. King Makhadeva gave up his royal life, went into the forest, and was ordained as a monk. There he practiced what holy men call the 'Four Heavenly States of Mind'. First is loving-kindness, tender affection for all. Second is feeling sympathy and pity for all those who suffer. Third is feeling happiness for all those who are joyful. And the fourthstate is balance and calm, even in the face of difficulties or troubles.

After 84,000 years of great effort meditating andpracticing these states as a humble forest monk, theBodhisatta died. He was reborn in a high heaven world, tolive a life a million years long!

The moral is: Even a long life is too short to waste.

Aping a Beauty 东施效颦

Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom（胸部） , so she had a frown（皱眉） on her face when she went out. An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought she looked very beautiful. Therefore when she went home, she also put her hands on her bosom and had a frown on her face.

When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doors tightly and did not go out. When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave her a wide berth（保持安全距离） .

She only knew Xi Shi's frown looked beautiful but she did not know the reason for its beauty.

关于宇宙的英语手抄报Black holes on a collision course

趋于碰撞的黑洞

Scientists say Chandra provides first evidence that two such mysteries can coexist in one galaxy. 科学家说，钱德拉望远镜首次证实两个黑洞可共存于同一星系中
。

In a very bright galaxy 400 million light-years away, two black holes are drifting toward each other and in millions of years will merge with an eruption of energy and a burst of gravitational waves that could warp the very fabric of space, astronomers said Tuesday. 天文学家本周二说 ，在一个距地球4亿光年的明亮星系内，两个黑洞正在互相靠近
，数百万年后将融为一体，并爆发出大量的能量 ，由此产生的引力波可能会影响到宇宙的每一个角落。

THE SCIENTISTS said the Chandra X-ray Observatory has found the first evidence that two immense black holes can coexist in the same galaxy and that they are moving toward each other for an eventual merger. 《科学家》说
，钱德拉X线望远镜已经发现初步证据，证明两个巨大的黑洞可以同时存在于同一星系中 ，它们正在彼此靠拢
，最终将合二为一 。

The double black holes were found in a bright, highly active galaxy known as NGC6240, about 400 million light-years from the Earth. 这对黑洞存在于一个极其活跃明亮的星系中，该星系被命名为NGC6240 ，它距地球约有4亿光年
。

Astronomers studied NGC6240 because it produced unexplained bursts of X-rays that appeared to come from one of two nuclei at the galactic center. Images collected by radio, infrared and optical observations showed two bright spots, but did not pinpoint the origin of the X-rays. 天文学家之所以研究NGC6240
，是因为发现该星系中心有两个核，其中一个不断爆发出难以解释的X线。由无线电、红外线和光学观察收集到的影像显示该星系中有两个亮点 ，但无法准确定位X线的来源 。

When Chandra, with its sensitive X-ray detectors, focused on the nuclei, astronomers hoped it would tell them whether either of the two points of activity were black holes. 钱德拉装有敏感的X线检测器
，天文学家用它对准这星系的核心，希望确定两个活跃点中是否有一个为黑洞
。

"Much to our surprise, we found that both were active black holes," Stefanie Komossa of the Max Planck Institute in Germany, said in a statement. 德国Max Planck研究所的Stefanie Komossa在一份申明中说："我们惊讶地发现它俩都是活跃的黑洞。"

Finding two black holes in one galaxy, said Komossa, "supports the idea that black holes can grow to enormous masses in the centers of galaxies by merging with other black holes." Komossa说 ，同一星系两洞并存的科学发现证明，星系核心的黑洞可以通过相互兼并融合而发展为宏大的物质 。

An artist's conception shows two black holes whirling around each other at the center of a galaxy. 艺术化的构想是：这两个黑洞在星系中心互相围绕对方旋转
。

Guenther Hasinger, also of Max Planck, said the Chandra images captured the unmistakable markings of two black holes - high-energy photons swirling around the dense black hole centers and X-rays spewing out from iron atoms being pulled into the center at a high rate of speed. Max Planck的Guenther Hasinger说
，钱德拉所摄的影像捕获了可以确定两个黑洞并存的迹象，即在密度甚高的黑洞中心周围涡动着高能量的光子 ，从铁原子中喷射出的X线被高速吸入黑洞中心。

Komossa and Hasinger are co-authors of a study submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Hasinger和Komossa曾联名撰文发表在《天文物理学通讯》上 。

The two black holes in NGC6240 are now about 3,000 light-years apart and are expected to merge some time in the next few hundred million years, the researchers said. The merger will be accompanied by an eruption of radiation and a burst of gravitational waves that will spread throughout the universe, causing ripples in the fabric of space, the astronomers said. 据研究人员介绍
，NGC6240中的两个黑洞目前相距大约3000光年，预计要几亿年后才能彼此融合 ，届时将会产生大量的辐射和引力波
，冲击宇宙各处，造成太空的涟漪
。

The gravitational ripples could cause minute changes in the distance between any two points in the universe, they said. 天文学家说 ，这种引力涟漪会使宇宙中任何两点间的距离发生细微的变化。

In another study, French and Argentine astronomers said that observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes have detected a stellar black hole streaking across the Milky Way at about 250,000 miles an hour. A companion star is being dragged along and slowly devoured by the black hole, according to scientists at the French Atomic Energy Commission and the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics in Argentina. 在另一项研究中
，法国和阿根廷天文学家说，通过哈勃太空望远镜和地面的天文望远镜 ，他们发现一个星球的黑洞正以25万英里的时速穿越银河系 。据法国原子能委员会和阿根廷天文和空间物理研究所的科学家介绍
，这个黑洞后还有另一颗星尾随相伴，并正在被黑洞慢慢地蚕食。

The astronomers said the stellar black hole may have been created by an exploding star in the inner disk of the Milky Way. The black hole is 6,000 to 9,000 light years away, the researchers said. A report on the observations appears Tuesday in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

A black hole is a point in space that is so dense with matter that its gravitational field will not let anything - not even light - escape. Stellar black holes, equal to 3.5 to about 15 solar masses, can be formed by the collapse of a single massive star. But galactic black holes, such as those in NGC6240, are much larger, equal perhaps to millions of solar masses, and are usually at the center of galaxies.The Milky Way, home galaxy of the sun and its planets, is thought to have a black hole at its center.With its immense gravitational pull, a black hole can suck in gas, dust and other matter from the surrounding space. Entire stars can be stripped and pulled into the bottomless maw. As it spirals in at near light speeds, matter captured by a black hole heats by millions of degrees and gives out intense radiation in several parts of the spectrum, including X-rays. The orbiting Chandra observatory is able to detect these X-rays and relay the data to Earth for study by astronomers. 黑洞就是太空中的一个点 ，此点密度甚高，使得任何物质甚至光都无法脱离它的引力
。一个巨星的瓦解就足以产生质量相当于3.5至15个太阳的星球黑洞。但星系黑洞如NGC6240中的黑洞要大得多
，质量相当于几百万个太阳，通常位于星系的中心 。 银河系是太阳及其九大行星的家 ，科学家认为银河系的中心就存在着一个黑洞
。靠着强大的引力牵拉
，黑洞能吸入来自周围空间的气体 、尘埃和其它物质。这个无底洞甚至将整个星球分解后吸入 。物质被黑洞捕获后以几近光速的高速被旋转吸入洞中时，它所释放出的热量可高达几百万度 ，并可发出不同的强烈射线
，包括X射线
。正在轨道上运转的钱德拉望远镜可以检测到这些X射线，并将数据传回地球 ，供天文学家研究。

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched and deployed by the space shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999. 美国航空航天局的钱德拉X线望远镜是在1999年7月23日
，由哥伦比亚号太空飞船搭载发射升空的 。

生命的循环

Facing death, Jeff Cross and Lily Cheng had run out of options. But a rare "domino" liver transplant, involving a living donor, gave both a future.

面对死亡，杰夫·克罗斯和程莉莉已经没有其他选择了
。但是一个罕见的"多米诺"式肝脏移植(涉及到一位活人器官捐献者) ，却给两人带来了新的生机。

Circle of Life

Since last spring, Jeff Cross, 29, had been tormented by night sweats, a side effect of the rare genetic illness that threatened to kill him unless he got a new liver